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Objective:To evaluate the improvement of nasal appearance, symptoms and psychological burden in patients with secondary cleft rhinoplasty by using retrospective research methods, through preoperative and postoperative questionnaires.Methods:Twenty-three cleft lip patients that underwent surgery in our unit since April 2016 were enrolled in this study. The self-designed questionnaire was used to explore the changes of patients before and after the operation. The questionnaire star was utilized to collect the data, and after the data was sorted and summarized, SPSS 20.0 was used for analysis and statistics.Results:The average follow-up time was 28.9 months. The total score of ROE satisfaction before surgery was 46.74 points, while after surgery it reached 63.04 points ( t=4.10, P<0.01); the self-scores of nasal shape were significantly improved after surgery; but there was no significant change in the ventilation function in the VAS scale before and after the operation; the nasal symptoms and psychological status in the SNOT-22 questionnaire, such as, nasal congestion, embarrassment, depression, restlessness and irritability, were significantly improved ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Our semi-autonomous designed questionnaire can be used to effectively evaluate the satisfaction, nasal shape, and symptoms of patients with nasal deformity secondary to cleft lip. Data analysis shows that our secondary cleft lip rhinoplasty for cleft lip and palate can improve patients′ satisfaction after the repair, as well as nose shape and function, at the same time the psychological burden caused by it.
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Objective To explore the operative method and skill for female frontotemporal hairline reconstruction.Methods From October 2010 to October 2016,120 female patients were performed with the hairline reconstruction.The follicular units were arranged irregularly,40-55 FUs/ cm2,with 30°-45° angle from the forehead skin and 15°-20° angle from the temporal skin.The finest hairs were selected and arranged in hairline margin.Results All the patients were followed up for 10-24 months.95 patients were very satisfied,25 patients were satisfied,and no patients were unsatisfied.9 patients complained low density in the middle of the hairline and they had another surgery to improve the density.3 patients's hairline was regular,and another graft was done to correct the unnatural appearance.6 patients's hairs of the hairline margin were thick,hut no further treatment was done.1 patient underwent hair transplantation again,because of the still high hairline.6 patients's transplanted hairs appeared curly,and the curly degree was decreased after 1-2 years.The density of the transplanted hair was (44.7±8.1) FU/cm2.The density of 9 cases who complained low density in the middle of the hairline,was (36.9 ± 3.1) FU/cm2.The hair diameter of the hairline edge was (57.5±13.5) μm.The hair diameter of 6 cases who felt the hair thick was (70.2±5.1) μm.The angle of hair and the frontal skin was (40.2±8.5)°,The angle of hair and the temporal skin was (18.2± 4.7)°.Conclusions In female frontotemporal hairline reconstruction,nature hairline is created by irregular arrangement of hairs,proper density and angle and exact arrangement of different diameter hairs.
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Objective@#To investigate the morphology and structure of the perpendicular plate of ethmoid and measure its anatomical parameters among Chinese population. To discuss the safety range of harvesting perpendicular plate of ethmoid in rhinoplasty.@*Methods@#Sixty-four healthy Chinese were included in accordance with certain requirements and their paranasal sinus was examined using 64 slices computed tomography (CT). The three-dimensional (3D) structure of their perpendicular plate of ethmoid was reconstructed, and the area, length, height and thickness were measured by Mimics 17.0 software. Statistical analysis was completed by SPSS 22.0 software and was checked out by t-test.@*Results@#According to the result from 3D anatomical analysis, the length of the anterior border of perpendicular plate of ethmoid was (28.58±2.91) mm, the inferior border was (26.17±5.76) mm and the posterior border was (19.84±3.17) mm. The thickness of the anterior border three sections were (3.07±0.72) mm, (3.09±0.73) mm and (1.75±0.55) mm respectively. The thickness of the inferior border in three sections were (1.96±0.62) mm, (1.94±0.73) mm and (1.87±0.67) mm, respectively. The length of the middle and lower third of the perpendicular plate of ethmoid anterior border was (10.04±2.39) mm. As to the superior border, the length was (35.31±6.52) mm. The total area of the perpendicular plate of ethmoid was (1 057.85±184.38) mm2, the lower section area was (474.09±109.60) mm2, and the ratio of middle and lower third to the total area was 0.45±0.07.@*Conclusions@#The thickness of the lower 1/3 segment of the vertical plate of the ethmoid bone is thinner than that of the upper segment, and it is far away from the skull base, which is easily to harvest and meet the application in surgery.
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Objective To evaluate the applied value of septal cartilage combined with perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone graft in short nose plasty in Chinese people with insufficient septal cartilage.Methods From February 2015 to March 2017,thirty-five women with short noses underwent septal extension grafting in our institute.We used perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone to enhance the L-strut structure.An L-strut,comprising 0.6 cm segments of the caudal and dorsal cartilaginous septum,was left altered to harvest more cartilages for septal extension.The harvested septal cartilage was grafted on one side of the caudal septum.Then the alar cartilage was fixed at the end of the septal cartilage graft.Nasal lengths and nasolabial angles were measured pre-and postoperatively.Results The average nasal lengthening was (3.37±1.87) mm (P＜0.001).There was no infection,cerebral spinal fluid leakage,hemorrhage and other complications postoperatively.The average follow-up was 10 months (6 months to 2 years).After operation,33 patients were satisfied with the nasal contour,1 patient complained of high tip projection whereas one patient complained of low tip projection,and the dissatisfactions were corrected by revision surgeries.Conclusions Combining the septal cartilage with perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone graft presents an adequate nose lengthening and a decreased nostril show,even in patients with very little septal cartilage.With minimum complications,this novel technique provides promising clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction.
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Objective To investigate the new metheds of recreating pretarsal fullness of the lower eyelid using autologous dermis or acellullar dermis.Methods Between September 2010 and November 2013,total 16 patients underwent the procedures of recreating of pretarsal fullness of the lower eyelid using dermis materials.A stab skin incision of approximately 4-5 mm was made at the lateral canthus and inner canthus along the subciliary crease of the lower eyelid respectively,and then the skin was undermined to create a subcutaneous tunnel between two stab incisions.The dermis roll was introduced into the undermined subcutaneous plane of the lower eyelid.The end of dermis was sutured to orbicularis oculi muscle to maintain the appropriate tension.Results 11 cases of them used autologous dermis,5 of used acellullar dermis.The patients were followed up for 3-24 months.Lower-eyelid pretarsal fullness regained abvious and natural appearance,and the patients were highly satisfied.Complications included slight sclera show,partial absorption of dermis material and slight irregular apperence.One case of dermis infection occured and dermis roll had to be removed.Conclusions Autologous dermis or acellullar dermis grafting are simple,efficient techniques for recreating of pretarsal fullness of the lower eyelid.
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Objective To explore the clinical indication and operative methods for different upper eyelid aging through perieyebrow incision.Methods We collected totally one hundred fifty-two cases in this study,including six males and 146 females,and aged from 26 to 80 years (average 47).There were 29 cases with only ptosis of upper eyelid,and the rest 123 cases were ptosis of upper eyelid with ptosis of eyebrow,sunken upper eyelid,bloated upper eyelid,or over-wide between eyebrow and eye region (compensatory eyebrow elevation).Through the incision of upper or lower margin of eyebrow,we treated these five types of upper eyelid aging by excision of redundant skin,orbicularis oculi muscle,frontal muscle,ROOF,or orbital fat,or ROOF elevation for upper eyelid rejuvenation.Results Patients were followed up for 3 to 120 months,with average 14.4 months.All ptosis of upper eyelid and over-wide between eyebrow and eye region patients were improved obviously.In 36 ptosis of upper eyelid with ptosis of eyebrow,seven of them treated with upper eyebrow margin incision got the best results;and the rest 29 patients treated with lower eyebrow margin incision,fifteen patients were lifted slightly,and the rest fourteen patients got no improvement.All scars of inferior eyebrow margin incision were invisible.Faded and applanate one millimeter wide scars were seen on two patients with superior eyebrow margin incision.In all patients with ptosis of upper eyelid,80％ patients with sunken upper eyelid were improved obviously,and 85 ％ with bloated upper eyelid were improved significantly.Conclusions Upper eyelid aging is divided into five categories.Upper eyelid aging could be corrected by perieyebrow approach.Our methods are simple,safe,fewer complications,and with short convalescence,which is the minimally invasive procedure recommended for Chinese patients with upper eyelid aging.
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Objective To explore a new method of nasal tip plasty and its clinical effect,which is much accorded with biomechanical properties of the human body.Methods From June 2010 to March 2016,a total of 33 cases of nasal tip surgery,6 males and 27 females,were performed.Ages ranged from 22 to 46 years in this group.Ear cartilage was trimmed into two strips and sutured them together in a M shape.When located to the original position of the nasal alar cartilage,theM shaped cartilage could be used in nasal tip;when fixing part of it on the nasal septum or lengthened nasal septal cartilage,the M shaped cartilage could be used in cosmetic surgery of nasal tip lengthening.Results The follow-up period was from one month to 60 months,with average 14 months.29 patients (87.9 ％) were satisfied with the efficacy and 2 patients were suffered from infection (6.1 ％).Conclusions When the M-shaped cartilage is fixed with lengthened nasal septum,it can lengthen the nasal tip much more and the contouring and texture of nasal tip are better than that of using a shield or a cap cartilage graft.
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Aim To determine the neuroprotective effect of sulfated pachymaran (SP)on MPTP-induced mouse model.Method ICR mice were randomly di-vided into control group,MPTP group and SP treatment group (50,1 00,1 50 mg·kg -1 ,ip).After 1 7 days, the activities of endogenous antioxidants (SOD,GSH-Px,CAT),antisuperoxide anion,hydrogen peroxide and MDA content in the midbrain and cortex were as-sayed.Results The results proved that SP significant-ly reduced the content of MDA and H2 O2 ,regulated the activities of antioxidant enzyme and increased the activity of antisuperoxide anion.Conclusion All these effects indicate that SP is a potential neuroprotective a-gent and its neuroprotective effects are achieved in the MPTP mouse model.
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Objective To investigate the techniques and signifcations of endoscopic forehead lift when it was done alone or in combination with conventional facelifting.Methods For the patients with forehead transverse wrinkle,vertical frown line and eyebrow ptosis,resection of partial frontalis muscle,procerus muscle and eorrugator muscle was performed.If the patients had obvious excessive and drooping skin in middle face and lower face together with the wrinkles that were mentioned above,endoscopic forehead lift in combination with conventional facelifting was done at the mean time.The excessive skin was tailored and removed,SMAS was complicated or resected and sutured.Results 104 patients were subjected to the endoscopic forehead lift,in which 20 cases underwent it alone,and another 84 cases were treated in combination with the conventional facelifting.Of all cases,104 patients presented satisfactory results of forehead.They showed the eliminating of transverse wrinkle of forehead,glabellas vertical fold and lifting of eyebrow ptosis.Complications were less and minimal,including minimal local depression,retrodisplacement of hairline of forehead,recurrence of wrinkle and numb of forehead.No injuring of temporal branch of facial nerve occurred in this group.The cases that underwent endoscopic forehead lift in combination with conventional faeelift showed the coordinate and consistence of rejuvenation from forehead to middle face and lower face.Conclusions Endoscopic forehead lift is a minimally invasive technique,and it presents more satisfactory results with less severe complications.Its operative principle is reasonable,procedure is safe and reliable,and therefore it represents the tendency of developing of plastic surgery and cosmetic surgery.If patients have obvious excessive and drooping skin in middle face and lower face,endoscopic forehead lift is suggested in combination with the conventional facelift,and this resolution shows more balanced and coordinate cosmetic correction of whole face.
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This study aimed to explore the cognitive dysfunction of and hippocampal neuron damage to Wistar rats with STZ-induced diabetes at different morbidity time. All Wistar rats in the tests received intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg) to induce type 1 diabetes. The concentration of blood glucose and the body weight were investigated, the cognitive ability of rats was assessed using a standardized Y-maze, and the apoptotic neurons in the CA1 of the hippocampus were also examined by using the HE staining. While the sickening time was prolonged, the blood glucose concentration of the experimental rats increased continuously and the body weight decreased. On the 70th day after STZ administration, the neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 region increased and the working errors increased in rats with the diabetes. The results showed that Wistar rats could complicate with diabetic encephalopathy in 70 days after injection of STZ for inducing the diabetes.
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Animals , Rats , Blood Glucose , Body Weight , CA1 Region, Hippocampal , Cell Biology , Pathology , Cognition , Cognition Disorders , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Neurons , Pathology , Rats, Wistar , StreptozocinABSTRACT
Acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases are illnesses associated with high morbidity and mortality, and few or no effective options are available for their treatments. Many neurodegenerative diseases are included in them, for example, stroke, brain trauma, spinal cord injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Given that central nervous system tissue has very limited, if any, regenerative capacity, it is of utmost importance to limit the damage caused by neuronal death. During the past decade, considerable progress has been made in understanding the process of cell death. In this article, we review the causes and mechanisms of neuronal-cell death, especially as it pertains to the caspases family of proteases associated with cell death. The results may be helpful to the experimental research and clinical application of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Animals , Humans , Apoptosis , Physiology , Caspases , Metabolism , Cell Death , Neurodegenerative Diseases , Pathology , Neurons , Pathology , Peptide Hydrolases , MetabolismABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo avoid the complications such as scar,alopecie,scalp numbness,hematoma etc,resulted from the conventional coronal incision rhytidectomy,and to explore and solve the issues about endoscopic frontal and temporal rhytidectomy.MethodsThrough 3-5 short incisions in hairline,we dissected under frontal periosteum or gales aponeurotica and in superficial layer of deep temporal fascia.The frontal and temporal cavitites were feedthrough at temporal crest.The corrugator supercilii muscle,superciliary depressor muscle,frontal muscle and orbicularis oculi were treated.Sufficient dissection was done under the periosteum of os orbitale.ResultsThis method had been applied in 186 patients with forehead lift.After operation,transient paralysis of facial nerve frontal branch were found in 3 patients.The depression of glabellum and lateral canthus were found in 5 patients.The depressions were corrected by autologous fat injection. Other 178 patients' results were satisfactory.ConclusionsEndoscopic frontal and temporal rhytidectomy has some advantages,such as minute invasion,less hemorrhage,few complications,and stable operation result,etc.Compared to the conventional coronal incision rhytidectomy,this method will be used more widely.
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Objective To investigate the different procedure effects in patients with modified sub-pectoral and subglandular breast augmentation. Methods Patients with modified subpectoral breast aug-mentation (10 cases) and subglandular breast augmentation (10 cases) were randomly selected, and satis-factory surveys to the procedures were conducted in the two groups of patients, including breast touch-feeling, dynamic change, as well as self-feeling and spouse-feeling. Results By the comparison of sub-glandular with subpectoral breast augmentation, touch-feeling was excellent in the former group, with breast spreading out to bilateral side in horizontal position. The breasts had different changes with differ-ent posture and natural movement. Spouse was more satisfactory to the former than the latter group. Conclusion Subglandular breast augmentation has natural shape, dynamic changes and fidelity of the re-al, especially in horizontal position, which is more conformable to the standards of patients and their spouse, and better than subpectoral breast augmentation.
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Objective To explore the treatment of capsular contr ac ture after augmentation mammaplasty with mammary prostheses. Method Through primary incision (axillary or inframammary) and minor capsu le incision, patients with capsular contracture after augmentation mammoplasty w ere treated by preserving the contractive capsule and repositing of the breast p rosthesis anterior to the primary capsule. Results Total ly 12 cases (14 breasts) of capsular contracture were achieved satisfactory res ults since 2001. Conclusion The method of capsule preser vation and reposting of the breast prosthesis anterior to the capsule present n umerous advantages: little trauma, less bleeding, simple surgical procedure, saf e, less possibility of recrudescence, and can be finished through a small primar y axillary incision. It is a preferable method to treat capsular contracture.
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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of China-made expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) in the treatment of facial defects and hollow deformities on the face. Methods Facial augmentation was performed in different sites as the forehead, temple, nose, chin, nosal base and maxilla, respectively, to correct the facial defects and hollow deformities, by using either China-made ePTFE (Experimental Group) or imported ePTFE (Control Group). Postoperative parameters between the two groups were compared. Results The Experimental Group included 16 patients (18 sites), in whom the postoperative follow-up was conducted for 6~9 months. In this group, a secondary infection (in the nose) occurred in 1 patient because the implant was placed too superficially and too close proximity to the incision, and the implant was removed out. Delayed healing of the incision (in the chin) with uncovered implant was found in 1 patient, who was cured by the change of dressing. In the rest of the patients, no obvious allergic, inflammatory or rejection reaction was seen and a good cosmetic result was achieved. The satisfactory rate of this group was 94.4%(17/18). The Control Group included 10 patients (20 sites). The implant was found bared and then removed in 1 patient (in the nose). The satisfactory rate of this group was 91.7%(11/12). There were no statistical differences between the two groups in the wound healing ( ? 2 =1 109, P =0 574), the adverse reaction ( P =1 000), and the clinical efficacy ( P =1 000). Conclusions China-made ePTFE gives histocompatibility as good as imported one. It is suitable for filling the soft tissue and can be used as a safe and economical alternative.
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Objective To study the possibility of generating cartilage with a free composite graft of perichondrium and matrix. Methods A composite graft of a free perichondrium flap wrapped around acellular auricular cartilage matrix was implanted in the back subcutaneously of young New Zealand rabbits (GroupⅠ). As controls,double folded perichondrium free flap (GroupⅡa) and acellular auricular cartilage matrix without perichondrium cover (GroupⅡb) were implanted. Results 3 weeks and 6 weeks after implantation , obvious differences of chondroblasts derived from the perichondrium were observed between the GroupⅠand GroupⅡa (P